Tese de Doutoramento em Engenharia Química e BiológicaThis thesis is focused on physiological aspects of the yeasts used in two alcoholic fermentation processes: primary brewing fermentation and fermentation of lactose (particularly lactose derived from cheese whey) to ethanol by recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae flocculent strains. The brewing fermentation is probably the most extensively studied alcoholic fermentation process. Nevertheless, developments in brewing technology demand deeper understanding of yeast physiology under process conditions. The studies with brewer’s yeast reported in this thesis addressed two specific questions that had not yet been effectively investigated. First, it is here directly demonstrated for th...