Defect Density Dependent Performance Analysis of Perovskite Solar Cell for Different Electron Transport Layers

In recent years, the fourth generation of solar cells, known as hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs), has made significant progress. In PSCs, the absorber layer is made of the economically advantageous material Methyl ammonium lead halide (CH3NH3PbI3). The performance of PSCs depends heavily on the parameters of electron transport material (ETM), absorber layer and Hole Transport Layer (HTL). In this study, Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS)-1D was used to evaluate the performance of perovskite based solar cells for three different ETM Layers: ZnO, TiO2 and SnO2. Furthermore, by varying the defect density of the absorption layer, this study investigated Voc, Jsc, FF, and Efficiency. According to the investigation, the Jsc, Voc, FF and PCE values of perovskite solar cells decrease drastically when the defect density of the perovskite layer increases. When the defect density went from 1×10-15cm-3 to 1×10-19cm-3, the power conversion efficiency had significantly reduced from 23% to 3% for TiO2, 22% to 6% for ZnO and 22% to 3% for SnO2. ZnO as ETM showed the most stability to defect density variation hence discovered to be the most suitable in every scenario for low-cost, high-efficiency solar technology