Biochemical studies on the effect of diclofenac on common carp (Cyprinuscarpio)

ABSTRACT The current study was carried out to investigate the biochemical investigations in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) when treated with diclofenac. The fishes are divided into four groups for this investigation. According to sub-lethal toxicity tests, fish exposed to one-tenth of the LC50 value of diclofenac. Diclofenac's 96-h LC50 in C. carpio was 11.71 mg/L. As a result, fish were exposed to 0.25, 0.50, and 1 mg/L concentrations of diclofenac and diclofenac separately for this experiment. In natural water, control fish were kept without any treatment. The biochemical estimation methods were used to investigate the influence of diclofenac on the biochemical contents of fish C. carpio's liver, gills, and brain, namely soluble protein, carbohydrates, and lipids. The treatment of diclofenac resulted in a considerable decrease in protein content in the liver, gills, and brain tissues. When compared to the other tissues, such as the liver and gills of the diclofenac-exposed fish, the decline in protein level was greater in brain tissue. When the time of exposure increased, the protein content decreased as the concentration of diclofenac rose. The percentage drop in glucose levels in diclofenac-exposed fish liver and brain tissues increased with exposure period. The fish, C. carpio, showed stress and reduced their food intake after being exposed to sublethal amounts of diclofenac. Based on these findings, it is inferred that the lipid content in all tissues of C. carpio in group IV animals decreased on the 21st day of diclofenac exposure. Key words:Diclofenac, C. carpio, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, biochemical. REFERENCES Adhikari, S., Sarkar, B., Chattujee, A., Mahapatra, C.T. and Ayyappan, S. 2004. Effects of Cypermethrin and Carbofuran on certain haematological parameters and prediction of their recovery in a fresh water teleost, Labeorohita. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 58 : 220 - 226. Anon, 1975. Recommendations of the committee on methods for toxicity tests with fish, macroinvertebrates and amphibians. EPA, Oregon. 61 Artacho, P., Soto-Gamboa, M., Verdugo, C and Nespolo, R.F. 2007. Blood biochemistry reveals malnutrition in black necked swans (Cygnus melanocoryphus) living in a conservation priority area. Comp. Biochem. Physio., 146 : 283 -290. Buser, H.R., Poiger, T., Muller, M.D., 1998. Occurrence and fate of the pharmaceutical drug diclofenac in surface waters: rapid photodegradation in a lake. Environ. Sci. Technol. 32, 3449–3456. Corcoran, J., Winter, M.J., Tyler, C.R., 2010. Pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment: a critical review of the evidence for health effects in fish. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 40, 287–304 Fent, K., Weston, A.A., Caminada, D., 2006. Ecotoxicology of human pharmaceuticals. Aquat. Toxicol. 76, 122–159. Heberer, T., 2002. Occurrence, fate, and removal of pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment: a review of recent research data. Toxicol. Lett. 131, 5–15. Idler, D.R. and Clemens, W.A.1959. The energy expenditures of fresh water river sockage salmon during spawning migration to chikes and stuar lakes. Pacific Salmon fish comm. Prog. Jackson. Printing, New westminister B.C. 80. Mohsen Abdel-Tawwab., Mohamed, N.M. Mousaad., Khaled M Sharafeldin and Nahla, E.M. Ismaiel. 2013. Changes in growth and biochemical status of common carp, Cyprinuscarpio L. exposed to water-borne zinc toxicity for different periods. International Aquatic Research. 5:11 Osman, H., Suriah, A.R. and Law, E.C. 2001. Fatty acid composition and cholesterol content of selected marine fish in Malaysian waters. Food chemistry.73: 55-60. Remia, K.M., Logaswamy, S., Logankumar, K. and Rajmohan, D. 2008. Effect of an insecticides (Monocrotophos) on some biochemical constituents of the fish, Tilapia mossambica. Poll. Res., 27: 523-526. Schwaiger, J., Ferling, H., Mallow, U., Wintermayr, H., Negele, R.D., 2004. Toxic effects of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac Part 1: histopathological alterations and bioaccumulation in rainbow trout. Aquat. Toxicol. 68, 141–150. Shashikant, 1986. Pollution status of Indian rivers criteria and present position. Environ. Ecotoxicol., 49-74. ShaziaQuadir, Abdul Latif, Muhammad Ali and Furhan Iqbal. 2014. Effects of Imidacloprid on the haematological and serum biochemical profile of Labeorohita. Pakistan J. Zool., 46(4): 1085- 1090. Shridar, N.B. and Narayanan, K. 2007. Toxicity study of Diclofenac oncalves. Jr. Ind. Vet., 84: 141-143. Velisek, J., Sudova, E., Machova, J. and Svobodova, Z. 2010. Effects of sub-chronic exposure to terbutryn in common carp (Cyprinuscarpio L.). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 73(3): 384-390