Modulation of Neurochemical Homeostasis and Enhancement of Brain Derived-neurotrophic Factor Associated with Reversal Effects of Geraniol in Mice Exposed to Ketamine-induced Schizophrenia-like Behavior

Abstract: Alterations of neurochemical homeostasis and brain derived neurotrophic factors are linked to schizophrenia-like features. It has been suggested that these schizophrenia-like alterations are reversible by naturally occurring psychotropic agents with neuroleptic property. Here, we investigated the antipsychotic property of geraniol, an acyclic monoterpene with neuroprotective and antioxidant functions, in the reversal study of ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like behavior. According to the reversal protocol, group 1 mice (n=5) received normal saline (10 mL/kg), mice in groups 2-5 received intraperitoneal injection of ketamine (20 mg/kg) for 14 days. From days 7-14 animals in groups 3-5 additionally received geraniol (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, i.p.) and risperidone followed by behavioral assessments using novel object recognition test (NORT) and forced swim test (FST) respectively on day 15. Neurochemical assays such as dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholinesterase, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were thereafter performed in the striatum, prefrontal-cortex and hippocampus with ELISA and standard biochemical procedures. Geraniol (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) reverses ketamine-induced non-spatial memory impairment and behavioral despair in the NORT and FST respectively. The increased dopamine release in the striatum and hippocampus were significantly reversed by geraniol (100 mg/kg). Also, ketamine-induced increased serotonin and acetylcholinesterase levels were significantly reduced by geraniol. Notably, geraniol also dramatically increased the levels of GAD and BDNFin the different brain regions. We conclude that modulation of neurochemical homeostasis and enhancement of brain derived-neurotrophic factor are associated with the reversal effects of geraniol in mice exposed to ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like behavior. Keywords: Ketamine, Neurochemical, Psychosi, Geraniol, Cognitive symptoms. Title: Modulation of Neurochemical Homeostasis and Enhancement of Brain Derived-neurotrophic Factor Associated with Reversal Effects of Geraniol in Mice Exposed to Ketamine-induced Schizophrenia-like Behavior Author: Christian Ifeanyi Uruaka, Udeme Owunari Georgewill, Owunari Abraham Georgewill International Journal of Recent Research in Life Sciences (IJRRLS) ISSN 2349-7823 Vol. 10, Issue 1, January 2023 - March 2023 Page No: 8-21 Paper Publications Website: www.paperpublications.org Published Date: 21-January-2023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7556639 Paper Download Link (Source) https://www.paperpublications.org/upload/book/Modulation%20of%20Neurochemical%20Homeostasis-21012023-2.pdfInternational Journal of Recent Research in Life Sciences (IJRRLS), ISSN 2349-7823, Paper Publications, Website: www.paperpublications.or