Superior Mesenteric Artery Occlusion: A case report and mini Review

Introduction: Acute mesenteric ischemia/occlusion is a life-threatening vascular emergency that requires early diagnosis and intervention to restore mesenteric blood flow and to prevent loss of life. Despite progress in our understanding about the mesenteric ischemia, diagnostic modalities, and treatment options, the mesenteric ischemia remains a diagnostic challenge. This leads to delayed implementation of treatment and thus contributes to high mortality and morbidity. Methods: Here, we have presented a case report of superior mesenteric artery thrombosis. It discusses the various aspects of superior mesenteric artery occlusion, the etiology, the difficulty with diagnosis, and the best possible course of action. Results: The Superior Mesenteric Artery (SMA) supplies the whole of the small intestine except the superior part of the duodenum. It also supplies the caecum, ascending colon and most of the transverse colon. Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is a syndrome caused by inadequate blood flow through the mesenteric vessels, resulting in ischemia and eventual gangrene of the bowel wall. Conclusion: The acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) comprises four different primary clinical entities, Non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI), and occlusive mesenteric artery ischemia (OMAI).This OMAI is further subdivided into acute mesenteric arterial embolism (AMRE) and acute mesenteric arterial thrombosis (AMRT). The AMI as the venous disease takes the form of Mesenteric venous thrombosis. (MVT). The overall prevalence of AMI is 0.1% of all hospital admissions; venous thrombosis is found in approximately 0.001% of patients who undergo exploratory laparotomy. The risk factor for AMI includes arrhythmia, heart diseases, mitral stenosis, endocarditis, recent MI, and intra-abdominal malignancies