Lumpy skin disease and its emergence in India

A virus belonging to the genus Capri poxvirus, subfamily Chordopoxvirniae, family Poxviridae, is responsible for the infectious condition known as lumpy skin disease (LSD). Diseases typically travel from one area to another via vectors that transfer them mechanically. In most endemic regions, such as sub-Saharan Africa, Egypt, and Ethiopia, the peak activity of vectors coincides with the arrival of seasonal rains and summer. The function of insects as carriers of disease, rather than by direct or indirect contact, has been verified by the decrease in cases during dry conditions with no insects or low insects’ density. Several species of ticks, including Amblyomma spp., Rhipicephalus decoloratus, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, and Amblyomma hebraeum, have been identified as potential repositories and mechanical vectors Animals that drink from and eat from the same troughs are at risk of infection because the virus is shed in bodily fluids like as milk, nasal discharge, saliva, blood, and mucous membrane fluids. LSD is primarily a disease of cattle; Buffaloes develop only mild illness where as domestic animals are considered to be resistant to LSDV infection. The maximum number of deaths due to LSD has occurred in lactating and pregnant cattle, which serve as a direct source of income in terms of the sale of milk and produce progeny, thereby adversely affecting the livelihood of poor farmers in the regio