Coal Gangue Classification Based on the Feature Extraction of the Volume Visual Perception <i>ExM</i>-SVM

Computer-vision-based separation methods for coal gangue face challenges due to the harsh environmental conditions in the mines, leading to the reduction of separation accuracy. So, rather than purely depending on the image features to distinguish the coal gangue, it is meaningful to utilize fixed coal characteristics like density. This study achieves the classification of coal and gangue based on their mass, volume, and weight. A dataset of volume, weight and 3_side images is collected. By using 3_side images of coal gangue, the visual perception value of the volume is extracted (ExM) to represent the volume of the object. A Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier receives (ExM) and the weight to perform the coal gangue classification. The proposed system eliminates computer vision problems like light intensity, dust, and heterogeneous coal sources. The proposed model was tested with a collected dataset and achieved high recognition accuracy (KNN 100%, Linear SVM 100%, RBF SVM 100%, Gaussian Process 100%, Decision Tree 98%, Random Forest 100%, MLP 100%, AdaBosst 100%, Naive Bayes 98%, and QDA 99%). A cross-validation test has been done to verify the generalization ability. The results also demonstrate high classification accuracy (KNN 96%, Linear SVM 100%, RBF SVM 96%, Gaussian Process 96%, Decision Tree 99%, Random Forest 99%, MLP 100%, AdaBosst 99%, Naive Bayes 99%, and QDA 99%). The results show the high ability of the proposed technique ExM-SVM in coal gangue classification tasks