An Efficient Quantum Secret Sharing Scheme Based on Restricted Threshold Access Structure

Quantum secret sharing is an important branch of quantum cryptography, and secure multi-party quantum key distribution protocols can be constructed using quantum secret sharing. In this paper, we construct a quantum secret sharing scheme built on a constrained (t, n ) threshold access structure, where n is the number of participants and t is the threshold number of participants and the distributor. Participants from two different sets perform the corresponding phase shift operations on two particles in the GHZ state passed to them, and then t−1 participants with the distributor can recover the key, where the participant recovering the key measures the particles received by himself and finally obtains the key through the collaboration of the distributors. Security analysis shows that this protocol can be resistant to direct measurement attacks, interception retransmission attacks, and entanglement measurement attacks. This protocol is more secure, flexible, and efficient compared with similar existing protocols, which can save more quantum resources