The Crosstalk between Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Mast Cells Is Modulated by the Probiotic Supplementation in Co-Culture Models

The intestinal epithelium constitutes a selectively permeable barrier between the internal and external environment that allows the absorption of nutrients, electrolytes, and water, as well as an effective defense against intraluminal bacteria, toxins, and potentially antigenic material. Experimental evidence suggest that intestinal inflammation is critically dependent on an imbalance of homeostasis between the gut microbiota and the mucosal immune system. In this context, mast cells play a crucial role. The intake of specific probiotic strains can prevent the development of gut inflammatory markers and activation of the immune system. Here, the effect of a probiotic formulation containing L. rhamnosus LR 32, B. lactis BL04, and B. longum BB 536 on intestinal epithelial cells and mast cells was investigated. To mimic the natural host compartmentalization, Transwell co-culture models were set up. Co-cultures of intestinal epithelial cells interfaced with the human mast cell line HMC-1.2 in the basolateral chamber were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and then treated with probiotics. In the HT29/HMC-1.2 co-culture, the probiotic formulation was able to counteract the LPS-induced release of interleukin 6 from HMC-1.2, and was effective in preserving the epithelial barrier integrity in the HT29/Caco-2/ HMC-1.2 co-culture. The results suggest the potential therapeutic effect of the probiotic formulation