β-Alanine Metabolism Leads to Increased Extracellular pH during the Heterotrophic Ammonia Oxidation of <i>Pseudomonas putida</i> Y-9

The mechanisms underlying the increase in external pH caused by heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification microorganisms during ammonia oxidation were unclear. This work demonstrated that after culturing Pseudomonas putida Y-9 for 60 h in a medium with ammonium nitrogen as the sole nitrogen source at an initial pH of 7.20, the pH value increased to 9.21. GC-TOF-MS analysis was used to compare the significantly regulated metabolites and related metabolic pathways between different time points. The results showed that the consumption of H+ in the conversion of malonic acid to 3-hydroxypropionic acid in the β-alanine metabolic pathway was the main reason for the increase in pH. RT-qPCR confirmed that the functional gene ydfG dominated the consumption of H+. This study provides new research ideas for the change of external pH caused by bacterial metabolism and further expands the understanding of the interaction between bacteria and the environment