This thesis deals with the control of wave front and energy front of ultra-intense short laser pulses.The first part is dedicated to the conception and realization of an adaptive optics loop for wave front distortions corrections of the 100 TW laser chain of the Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses.This loop is based on the association of a liquid crystal device used as a phase modulator, and a shearing interferometer as wave front sensor. The combination of these two devices allowed the building of an innovative system for measuring and controlling the phase of ultra-intense laser pulses. This loop is shown to allow the correction of wave fronts exhibiting significant distortions. The focusing quality of laser beam can then b...