The traditional acoustic piano action mechanism is composed of many different parts of wood, wool felt, leather, metal, and steel-springs. These parts form a multi-degree-of freedom system that transmits energy from the player to the hammer. In return, the action mechanism generates a specific tactile rendering that is felt by the pianist during playing. The haptic feedback is essential for a precise control of timing and loudness.The action mechanisms used in numerical pianos are much simpler and therefore provide a poor haptic feedback. In the last few years, many developments have been carried out by keyboard manufacturers in order to improve the feeling of touch of their products. Most of these systems are not actively controlled and ar...