Tunnels

Tunnelling is an indispensable part of infrastructure services. Some of the factors affecting the tunnel design can be listed as the characteristics of the soil or rock mass, tunnel excavation method, tunnel dimensions and the structures located on the tunnel route. Field studies (geological-geotechnical evaluations) during the design phase are one of the most important factors in tunnel design. All studies to be carried out after this stage are based on the determined geological model. The determination of the tunnel support system is made with detailed analytical and numerical solutions. In this study, empirical, analytical and numerical solutions, geotechnical measurements, swelling and squeezing phenomena in tunnels, tunnel support capacity equations, weak rock in tunnelling and tunnel support types are explained briefly