Analysis of biomechanics of techniques in sports martial arts

U ovome radu, cilj je analizirati biomehaniku tehnika u sportskim borilačkim kretnjama i time utvrditi mehanizme nastanka ozljeda u svrhu njihove prevencije. Za provedbu biomehaničke analize izabran je taekwondo, a provedena je na primjeru najčešće korištenog udarca u taekwondou, kružnog udarca. Opisuje se pravilno izvođenje tehnika uz osvrt na česte pogreške, a fokus je na koljenom zglobu zbog bitne uloge njegove anatomije u kretnjama i izloženosti ozljedama koje mogu dovesti i do trajnih, ozbiljnih oštećenja struktura u koljenu kao što su rupture ligamenata. Nakon osvrta na najčešće nepravilnosti kod izvođenja pokreta, detaljno se analizira svaki pojedini element ključan za pravilnu izvedbu kružnog udarca u cjelini. Pogreška u jednom elementu narušava kvalitetu cjelokupne izvedbe što s vremenom može dovesti do ozljeda. Iako su ozljede u svakom sportu, a posebno u borilačkim sportovima, neizbježne, potrebno ih je barem svesti na minimum, a to se, uz kvalitetno zagrijavanje i istezanje, postiže upravo temeljitim učenjem i uvježbavanjem te izvedbom pravilnih tehnika.In this paper, the goal is to analyze the biomechanics of sport techniques used in martial arts and to determine the mechanisms of injuries for the purpose of their prevention. Biomechanical analysis was performed on one of the most commonly used kick in taekwondo, the roundhouse kick. The proper execution of techniques is described along with common mistakes, and the focus is on the knee joint due to the essential role of its anatomy in movements and its exposure to injuries that can lead to permanent, serious damage to structures in the knee such as ruptured ligaments. After looking into the most common mistakes in movements, each individual element, crucial for the proper execution of the roundhouse kick as a whole, is analyzed in detail. A mistake in only one of the steps negatively affects the quality of the overall performance, which can eventually lead to injuries. Although, injuries are inevitable in every sport, and especially in martial arts, it is necessary to at least reduce them to a minimum, and this, along with effective warm-up and stretching, is achieved by learning, practicing and performing proper techniques