Characteristics of the behavior of cattle in different feeding conditions

Različite oblike ponašanja goveda proučava etologija. Ponašanje moţemo podijeliti na uroĎeno i stečeno, a ono se mijenjalo kroz udomaćivanje i tehnologiju proizvodnje. Ponašanje goveda podrazumijeva sve uočljive aktivnosti ţivotinje, uključujući i fazu mirovanja. Njihova komunikacija odvija se putem različitih sustava znakova kao što su vokalni signali, govor tijela, vizualni i kemijski signali. Goveda od davnina ţive u zajednicama a one su im pomogle odrţati dug opstanak. U njihovim meĎusobnim odnosima uspostavljena je hijerarhija po kojoj su podijeljeni na dominantne i manje dominantne jedinke. Da bi izveli neko ponašanje potrebna im je motivacija, a ona je često hrana. Funkcioniraju prema navikama, a navike koje steknu u mlaĎoj fazi mogu ostati sve do kraja njihovog ţivotnog vijeka. Drţanje goveda dijeli se na otvoreni, zatvoreni i kombinirani sustav pa su prema tome odreĎeni način i vrsta hranidbe. Ponašanje goveda pri hranjenju ovisi o tome hrane li se ţivotinje na paši ili u staji. Svaka kategorija goveda ima svoju vrstu obroka koji je prilagoĎen toj skupini, a sadrţi za njih odreĎena krmiva. Hranidbene potrebe goveda razlikuju se ovisno o kategoriji i smjeru proizvodnje, načinu drţanja, vrsti i količini krmiva, zdravstvenom stanju ţivotinje, klimatskim uvjetima te reprodukciji. Vaţno je napomenuti da uvjeti hranidbe bitno utječu na to u kojem smjeru će ona ići.Ethology studies different forms of cattle behaviour. Behaviour can be split into innate/inborn and acquired, which has changed through domestication and hierarchy production technology. Cattle behaviour implies all noticeable activities of the animal, including the resting phase. Their communication takes place through different sign systems like vocal signs, body language, visual and chemical signs. Cattle live in communities since beginning, which helped them maintain long survival. Their mutual relationships are established through hierarchy in which they are divided into dominant and less dominant individuals. In order to fulfil a certain need they require a motivation, which is often food. They function through habits and habits which they obtain in their younger phases can stay till the end of their life cycle.Cattle keeping is divided into open, closed and combined systems, so the method and types of feeding are determined accordingly. The behaviour while feeding depend on whether the animals are fed on pasture or in a barn. Each category of cattle has its own type of ration that is adapted to that group and contains certain feeds for them. The nutritional needs of cattle differ depending on the category and direction of production, the way they are kept, the type and amount of feed, the animal's health, climatic conditions and reproduction. It is important to note that feeding conditions have a significant effect on which direction it will go