Cultural tourism

Pojam turizma ima veliki broj različitih definicija, ali ono što je zajedničko svakoj od njih je da uključuje neku vrstu putovanja. Ljudi su oduvijek putovali. U početku su to bile migracije zbog egzistencijalnih razloga, a kasnije, razvojem industrije, gospodarstva i društva općenito ljudi počinju putovati iz radoznalosti te želje za bjegom iz svakodnevice i postaju turistima. Turist je osoba koja privremeno napušta mjesto svog stalnog boravka te odlazi u turističku destinaciju, ali bez obavljanja gospodarske djelatnosti, a na to ju potiču različite potrebe i motivi. Zbog različitih motiva i preferencija turista, razvile su se i različite vrste turizma, a među njima i kulturni turizam. Kulturnog turista na putovanje motivira otkrivanje novih kultura i dobara kulturne baštine. Kulturna baština, materijalna i nematerijalna, često je ključni dio turističke ponude. Zbog velike masovnosti turizma javlja se potreba za očuvanjem kulturne baštine i organiziranom i promišljenom razvoju kulturnog turizma čemu uvelike pridonosi rad međunarodnih organizacija. Međunarodne organizacije potiču obrazovanje kulturnih turista i promicanje kulturnog turizma kao novog oblika turizma. UNESCO ima veliku ulogu u zaštiti i upravljanju lokalitetima svjetske baštine, Svjetska turistička organizacija radi na razvoju odgovornog i održivog turizma koji doprinosi zaštiti kulturne baštine, a Europska unija nastoji poboljšati profil Europe kao turističke destinacije uz zaštitu njezine bogate povijesti. Važno je spomenuti i rad Međunarodnog vijeća za muzeje, Međunarodnog centra za pročuvanje prezervacije i restauracije kulturnih dobara te Međunarodno vijeće za spomenike i lokalitete.There is a number of definitions of the term 'tourism', but something they all have in common is the mention of travel. People have always traveled. In the beginning those travels were only migrations due to the existential reasons, and later, along with the development of the industry, economy and society in global, people begin to travel in order to fulfill their curiosity and desire to escape their everyday life and they become tourists. A tourist is a person who is temporarily leaving his or her permanent residence in order to visit some tourist destination, but without any economic activity, encouraged by different needs and motives. Due to different tourist motives and preferences, different kinds of tourism have been developed, and among those cultural tourism as well. Cultural tourist is motivated to embark on a journey by his or her wish to discover new cultures and cultural heritage goods. Cultural heritage, tangible and intangible, is often the key part of the tourist offer. Due to mass tourism there is a growing need for preservation of cultural heritage and organized and reasoned development of cultural tourism which is greatly supported by international organizations. International organizations encourage cultural tourists’ education and promotion of cultural tourism as a new kind of tourism. UNESCO has a key part in preservation and management of world heritage sites, World Tourism Organization works on the development of responsible and sustainable tourism that contributes to the protection of cultural heritage and European Union tends to improve Europe’s profile as a tourist destination along with the protections of its rich history. It is also important to mention contributions to the subject made by International Council of Museums, International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property and International Council on Monuments and Sites