Development and biological evaluation of pNIPAM-based nanogels as vaccine carriers

“Smart” nanogels are an attractive tool for the development of new strategies of immunization in veterinary medicine. Here, we reported the synthesis and physicochemical characterization of thermoresponsive nanogels based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) and their in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo (mice model) performance. Smart nanogels of ca. 250 nm, with a transition temperature of 32 °C were obtained by precipitation polymerization. Assays to evaluate pNIPAM nanogels cytotoxicity were performed in different cell lines showing high biocompatibility (>70 %). The efficient internalization of the system was studied by confocal microscopy as well as flow cytometry. The ability to protect and deliver antigens was analyzed using the outer membrane lipoprotein A (OmlA), an important virulence factor of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App) cause of porcine pleuropneumonia. This lipoprotein was synthesized by recombinant technology and its technique was also described. The biodistribution of pNIPAM nanogels administered intranasally was performed in vivo and ex vivo through Pearl Imaging System, which showed that nanogels were kept mostly in the lungs during the evaluated time. Besides, the efficacy of the proposal nanogel-based vaccine was studied in vivo by measuring the antibody titers of BALB/c mice inoculated with OmlA encapsulated into pNIPAM nanogels compared to OmlA plus aluminum hydroxide adjuvant. The results proved the ability of nanogels to stimulate a humoral immune response. Therefore, we have demonstrated that pNIPAM nanogels can be used as an efficient platform for vaccine nanocarriers.EEA Marcos JuárezFil: Soriano Perez, María Laura. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; ArgentinaFil: Funes, Javier Alejandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; ArgentinaFil: Flores Bracamonte, Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Flores Bracamonte, Carolina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Ibarra, Luis Exequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud; ArgentinaFil: Ibarra, Luis Exequiel. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud; ArgentinaFil: Forrellad, Marina Andrea. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO); ArgentinaFil: Forrellad, Marina Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Taboga, Oscar Alberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO); ArgentinaFil: Taboga, Oscar Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Cariddi, Noelia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud; ArgentinaFil: Cariddi, Noelia. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud; ArgentinaFil: Salinas, Facundo José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Salinas, Facundo José. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Ortega, Hugo Héctor. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Ortega, Hugo Héctor. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Alustiza, Fabrisio Eduardo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; ArgentinaFil: Molina, Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Molina, Maria. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral; Argentin