Synthesis and Study of Modified Polyaspartic Acid Coupled Phosphonate and Sulfonate Moieties As Green Oilfield Scale Inhibitors

The petroleum industry has strived for several years to explore environmentally friendly scale inhibitors with no acute environmental impact. Well-known industrial biodegradable polyaspartic acid is widely used as a potent scale inhibitor (SI) against various inorganic scales in industrial circulating cooling water and topside petroleum applications. However, polyaspartic acid showed weak thermal stability at the petroleum reservoir temperatures. Here, we attempt to develop a new class of polyaspartic acid for squeeze treatment applications under harsh conditions. In this project, a series of modified polyaspartic acid, including pendant anionic functional moieties (phosphonate and sulfonate) were synthesized and investigated as new SIs to inhibit the calcium carbonate (calcite, CaCO3) and barium sulfate (barite, BaSO4) scales under oilfield conditions. These classes were synthesized via aminolysis of polysuccinimide with nucleophilic amine reagents under alkaline conditions. The products are polyaspartic acid-capped aminomethylene phosphonic acid (SI-2), polyaspartic acid-capped bisphosphonic acid (SI-3), polyaspartic acid-capped aminomethanesulfonic acid (SI-4), and polyaspartic acid-capped aminoethanesulfonic acid (SI-5), as well as in-house synthesized polyaspartic acid (SI-1). The scale inhibition activities of these compounds against carbonate and sulfate scales were determined using the dynamic scale loop test at 100 °C and 80 bar. Furthermore, the long-term thermal aging and calcium tolerance experiments were also investigated. It was found that polyaspartic-acid-capped aminomethylene phosphonic acid (SI-2) gave outstanding calcite scale inhibition performance and showed excellent thermal stability at 130 °C for 7 days compared to SI-1 and other modified SIs (SI-3-SI-5). This phosphonated polymer also exhibited superior calcium tolerance performance with Ca2+ ions up to 100 ppm, and moderate performance in the range of 1000–10 000 ppm calcium ions. This project highlights the success of designing and developing a new environmentally friendly calcite SI-based polyaspartic acid under harsh oilfieldpublishedVersio