Fuel Economy Comparative Analysis of Conventional and Ultracapacitors-Based, Parallel Hybrid Electric Powertrains for a Transit Bus

Due to Internal Combustion Engines’ (ICE) significant share in global energy demand, primarily through the transportation sector, great efforts are invested in research for solutions that will increase the fuel economy of ICE-powered vehicles. The main objective of the study presented in this paper has been to perform a comparative study of a conventional and a parallel hybrid electric transit bus employing an ultracapacitors-based energy accumulator. A high-fidelity simulation model of the vehicle has been designed in the AMESim multi-domain system analysis software. The conventional powertrain model has been calibrated using data obtained during an acquisition experiment conducted in realworld traffic conditions on a transit bus. This data also served as the basis for defining the driving cycle on which the numerical analyses will be conducted. A simple, sub-optimal control law has been implemented in the hybrid powertrain simulation model. Also, an advanced energy management law based on Dynamic Programming has been derived to assess the ultimate fuel economy improvement potential of the hybrid solution and to make design decisions. Initial study shows that considerable fuel consumption reduction in excess of 30% could be achieved by implementing a regenerative hybrid system employing an ultracapacitor-based accumulator