Effect of Prenatal Exposure to Household Air Pollution from Multiple Sources on Risk of Preterm Birth

Prenatal exposure to air pollution has been suggested as a major risk factor for preterm birth (PTB). This study aimed to explore the independent and joint effects of prenatal exposure to multiple household air pollution (HAP) sources on PTB. This study involved 63,038 mother–child pairs from the Longhua Child Cohort Study in 2017. A series of logistic regression analyses on associations of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), cooking oil fumes (COFs), burning mosquito coils (BMCs), indoor burning incense (IBI) and household renovation (HR) with PTB were conducted to evaluate their independent and joint effects on PTB. Compared to mothers without exposure, prenatal exposure to each individual HAP source increased the PTB risk. Moreover, the PTB risk increased incrementally with the number of prenatal HAP exposure sources. Finally, we found a synergistic interaction effect from COFs and HR on risk of PTB. Our results suggest that prenatal exposure to five sources of HAP might increase the risk of PTB, with the risk increasing with the number of exposure sources and synergistic interaction effects between some pollution sources.