Spartan society was marked by strong eugenics: many practices such as selection of children, mating arrangements within the framework of the polyandrous unions, fines imposed on those who got married ‘late’ or ‘bad’, encouragement of the best Spartans to reproduce and sidelining of the cowards, made of Sparta the city of valorization of the physiological and behavioral excellence. It is however difficult to historicize the implementation and the evolution of these eugenic customs, although a certain frame takes shape from the time of Lycurgus to that of king Cleomenes III.La société spartiate était marquée par un fort eugénisme : sélection des enfants à la naissance, arrangements copulatoires dans le cadre des unions polyandriques, amendes ...