During the formation of the Earth, large amounts of heat were released by gravitational energy through planetesimal collisions, but also core-mantle segregation or radioactive decay. These dif- ferent processes caused the melting of the mantle and episodes of magma ocean. As the Earth co- oled, the magma ocean crystallized, leading to chemical segregation between the different terrestrial reservoirs. Studying the melting properties of the mantle is therefore essential to better understand the establishment of the early Earth and its evolution until today. Currently we distinguish zones of low seismic velocities in the upper mantle (LVL and LVZ) but also in the lower mantle (LLSVP and ULVZ) for depths ranging from 80 to about 2900 km, thanks...