Climate change mitigation policies will require investments and generate new costs for society. This dissertation examines how these costs will be distributed across the population : house-holds and workers. I mix approaches and methodologies to give a comprehensive overview of the inequalities induced by climate policies. The first part focuses on households consumption. The first chapter studies the carbon tax and the backfire effects of recycling its revenues to households. The second chapter assesses the distributional impact of a package of climate policies in France up to 2035. The second part studies employment and wages through technical change. The third chapter proposes a theoretical model to di˙erentiate the directions of technic...