Probing behavior of aphids on turnips infected with non-transmissible JI-P2Rev5.

(a) Mock-inoculated, JI- and JI-P2Rev5-infected turnip leaves at 14 dpi. (b) Western blot analysis of the accumulation of P2 (18 kDa), P4 (37, 44 kDa) and P6-TAV (62 kDa) in JI- or JI-P2Rev5-infected turnip plants at 14 dpi. Total leaf extracts from 5 infected plants per condition were analyzed. Ponceau S staining of the large RuBisCO subunit is shown as a loading control. Mock, extract from mock-inoculated leaf. (c) Feeding behavior of Myzus persicae on mock-inoculated, JI- or JI-P2Rev5-infected turnip plants at 14 dpi. The histogram bars present means and standard errors. The behavior of individual aphids was recorded by electrical penetration graph (EPG) for 4 h (N = 26–28). Different letters indicate significant differences between plant infection status as tested by GLM (generalized linear model), followed by pairwise comparisons using “emmeans” (p 2 = 77.32, p 2 = 13.709, p = 0.001). The total number of intracellular punctures is similar for aphids on JI-infected and mock-inoculated turnips, but elevated for JI-P2Rev5-infected plants (GLM, Df = 2, χ2 = 23.692, p 2 = 1.146, χ2 = 5.452, p = 0.059 and 0.065, respectively).