Preclinical evaluation of the effect of periodontal regeneration by carbonate apatite in a canine one-wall intrabony defect model

Objective: This study aimed to histologically compare periodontal regeneration of one-wall intrabony defects treated with open flap debridement, β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), and carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) in dogs. Methods: The mandibular third premolars of four beagle dogs were extracted. Twelve weeks after the extraction, a one-wall bone defect of 4 mm × 5 mm (mesio-distal width × depth) was created on the distal side of the mandibular second premolar and mesial side of the fourth premolar. Each defect was randomly allocated to open flap debridement (control group), periodontal regeneration utilizing β-TCP, or CO3Ap. Eight weeks after the surgery, histologic and histometric analyses were performed. Results: No ankylosis, infection, or acute inflammation was observed at any of the experimental sites. Newly formed bone and cementum were observed in all experimental groups. The mineral apposition rate of the alveolar bone crest was higher in the CO3Ap group than in the control and β-TCP groups. The ratio of the new bone area was significantly higher in the CO3Ap group than in the control group (P < 0.05). The bone contact percentage of the residual granules was significantly higher in the CO3Ap group than in the β-TCP group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Although this study has limitations, the findings revealed the safety and efficacy of CO3Ap for periodontal regeneration in one-wall intrabony defects in dogs, and CO3Ap has a better ability to integrate with bone than β-TCP