Modeling seismic wave propagation in the Loess Plateau using a viscoacoustic wave equation with explicitly expressed quality factor

The thick Quaternary loess on the Loess Plateau of China produces strong seismic attenuation, resulting in weak reflections from subsurface exploration targets. Accurately simulating seismic wavefield in the Loess Plateau is important for guiding subsequent data processing and interpretation. We present a 2D/3D wavefield simulation method for the Loess Plateau using a viscoacoustic wave equation with explicitly expressed quality factor. To take into account the effect of irregular surface, we utilize a vertically deformed grid to represent the topography, and solve the viscoacoustic wave equation in a regular computational domain that conforms to topographic surface. Grid deformation introduces the partial derivatives such as ∂vx/∂z and ∂vy/∂z in the wave equation, which is difficult to be accurately computed using traditional staggered-grid finite-difference method. To mitigate this issue, a finite-difference scheme based on a fully staggered-grid is adopted to solve the viscoacoustic wave equation. Numerical experiments for a simple layer model and 2D/3D realistic Loess Plateau models demonstrate the feasibility and adaptability of the proposed method. The 3D modeling results show comparable amplitude and waveform characteristics to the field data acquired from the Chinese Loess Plateau, suggesting a good performance of the proposed modeling method