Effect of Sn on formation and transformation of VO

The role of stannum was investigated in formation and transformation of vanadium-dioxide phase in a deep perspective through characterization methods including Raman spectra, XRD, OM, SEM, UV–vis and electrochemical workstation. The result showed supersaturated stannum atoms could exist in SnxV2-xO5 as amorphous solid solution through non-equilibrium sputtering method, by which the unitary phase Sn-doped VO2 could be obtained under either thermal de-oxidation or thermal de-composition mechanism. Furthermore, cooperating stannum atoms with oxygen vacancies could regulate the formation of vanadium dioxide M1 or M2 phase, in turn engineer the phase transformation (M-R) temperature of VO2