Since the beginning of the twentieth century, the average temperature in the Alps has risen by 2°C compared to an average of 1°C in France. Therefore, it is essential to consider the adaptation of human societies to these changes for the future of this region. Human communities maintain complex links with the ecosystems on which they depend. These complex interactions are thought through the concept of socio-ecosystems (SES) which proposes to analyze jointly the dynamics that link human societies and ecosystems. In response to climate change, these SES will have to adapt or transform themselves in order to maintain their current functions and the quality of life of their inhabitants.This thesis investigates the changes to which the SESs hav...