Multistage power and energy management strategy for hybrid microgrid with photovoltaic production and hydrogen storage

International audienceFor several years, microgrids (MGs) integrated with smart grids have been presented as one of the promising solutions for better integration of intermittent renewable energy sources (RES). As a result, the interest for the development of MGs has increased. Due to the variability of RES as well as the non-synchronization of intermittent RES production and energy consumption, new storage systems have emerged. The integration of hydrogen produced via water electrolysis powered by RES, the production of electricity through fuel cells (FCs) and the storage of hydrogen are becoming more and more attractive. In this paper, a multistage power and energy management strategy (MSPEMS) is presented for a MG with photovoltaic (PV) as a RES and a battery energy storage system, a FC and an Electrolyzer. The objective is to solve a unit commitment problem considering the different constraints of the MG components. The power management system (PMS) is based on a Distributed explicit model predictive control (DeMPC), whereas the energy management system (EMS) relies on a mixed-integer quadratic programming (MIQP) optimization problem. The interaction between the power management system (PMS) and the energy management system (EMS) is analyzed in order to improve their effectiveness. The PMS and the EMS are almost always developed separately and their interaction is not investigated. This point is an important contribution to the scientific community and the development of hybrid installations with intermittent sources, especially for hydrogen technologies. The performance of the power and energy management strategy (PEMS) is evaluated using simulation results and different predefined key performance indicators (KPI). The performance analysis shows that the proposed MSPEMS avoid inadequate start-up of the FC and the Electrolyzer