IN SITU MEASUREMENTS OF HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT OF CONCRETE WALLS

Cilj diplomskog rada je usporedba izračunatih i in situ izmjerenih vrijednosti koeficijenta prolaska topline. Koeficijenti prolaska topline mjereni su na različitim vrstama betonskih zidova s obzirom na debljinu, vrstu zidnih elemenata (puni betonski zid ili betonski blok) i toplinsku izolaciju. Određivanje toplinskih karakteristika vanjske ovojnice grijanog dijela zgrade od temeljne je važnosti pri projektiranju energetski efikasnih zgrada, energetskoj obnovi zgrada i izradi energetskih certifikata. Koeficijent prolaska topline karakteristika je građevinskih elemenata kojim se opisuju toplinska svojstva elementa. Metoda proračuna koeficijenta prolaska topline za neprozirne građevne elemente je dana normom HRN EN ISO 6946:2008. Primjenom norme moguće je dobiti pouzdane rezultate. U nekim slučajevima nije moguće primijeniti normu (nepoznati slojevi građevinskog elementa, njihova debljina ili gustoća) te se provode in situ mjerenja. U radu su opisani osnovni pojmovi vezani za fiziku zgrade. Dan je prikaz zakonodavnog okvira za provedbu energetske učinkovitosti u zgradarstvu, posebno dijelovi vezani za koeficijent prolaska topline, energetski pregled građevine i izradu energetskih certifikata. In situ mjerenja provedena su na betonskim zidovima te je prikazan povijesni razvoj gradnje u Republici Hrvatskoj kako bi se vidjelo u kojem razdoblju su najviše građene betonske zgrade i kakva su njihova energetska svojstva. U posljednjem dijelu dan je prikaz opreme i postupka provedenih in situ mjerenja. Napravljena je usporedba rezultata, te je ukazano na pogreške koje mogu nastati pri mjerenju zbog kojih može doći do odstupanja izračunatih i izmjerenih vrijednosti koeficijenta prolaska topline.The purpose of this thesis is comparison of calculated and in situ measured values of heat transfer coefficient. The heat transfer coefficients are measured on different types of concrete walls considering their thickness, type of wall elements (full concrete wall or hollow concrete block) and thermal isolation. The most important objective while designing energy efficient building, energy retrofitting existing buildings and conducting energy certification is assessment of thermal characteristics of external walls. The heat transfer coefficient is characteristic which describes thermal characteristics of building elements. A method of calculation heat transfer coefficient of opaque structure is given by HRN EN ISO 6946:2008. By applying this procedure it is possible to get reliable results. In some cases it is not possible to apply recommended procedure (unknown layers of construction material, unknown thickness and density of layers), therefore it is necessary to carry out in situ measurements. In this thesis basic concepts related to building physics are described. An overview of the legislative framework for the implementation of energy efficiency in buildings, especially the parts related to heat transfer coefficient, energy audits of building and energy certification is presented in this thesis. In situ measurements described in this thesis were carried out on concrete walls. This thesis also gives historical evolvent of concrete construction in the Republic of Croatia so it is possible to analyse period of time when concrete buildings were constructed and their thermal characteristics. The last part of thesis gives an overview of the procedure and equipment used for in situ measurements. Comparison of results was made, pointing out the possible mistakes which can be made during measurements which could lead to a discrepancy between the calculated and measured values of heat transfer coefficient