Developments in reading frame restoring therapy approaches for Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Introduction Exon skipping compounds restoring the dystrophin transcript reading frame have received regulatory approval for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Recently, focus shifted to developing compounds to skip additional exons, improving delivery to skeletal muscle, and to genome editing, to restore the reading frame on DNA level. Areas covered We outline developments for reading frame restoring approaches, challenges of mutation specificity, and optimizing delivery. Also, we highlight ongoing efforts to better detect exon skipping therapeutic effects in clinical trials. Searches on relevant terms were performed, focusing on recent publications (