An ultra-stable sodium half/full battery based on a unique micro-channel pine-derived carbon/SnS2@reduced graphene oxide film

Developing super stability, high coulomb efficiency, and long-span life of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) can significantly widen their practical industrial applications. In this study, we report a pine-derived carbon/SnS2@reduced graphene oxide (PDC/SnS2@rGO) film with fast ion/electron transport micro-channel used as a SIB anode, which shows ultrahigh stable stability and long-span life. Functionally, a biomass PDC/SnS2@rGO film with ~30 μm micro carbon channel and ~1.2 μm thick carbon wall can simultaneously provide the fast electron transport path and the Na+ transport channel. Also, the two-dimensional (2D) layered SnS2 particles attached to the carbon wall of PDC can increase more Na+ contact sites and shorten the Na+ transport path in the NaPF6 electrolyte. To avoid the separation of SnS2 from PDC during the sodiation process, rGO with excellent conductivity and flexibility is wrapped in the SnS2 outer layer as an “electronic garment”. A ~650 mA h g−1 high Na+ storage capacity at 0.1 A g−1 and ~99.8% ultrahigh coulomb efficiency after 800 cycles at 5 A g−1 are obtained when PDC/SnS2@rGO film is used as a SIB anode. Furthermore, a SIB full-cell is assembled using PDC/SnS2@rGO film (anode) and Na3V2(PO4)3 (cathode), which exhibits a ~163.9 mA h g−1 high reversible capacity and ~99.7% coulomb efficiency performance. Our work provides a reasonable design strategy for the application of biomass-derived carbon in SIBs, which may inspire more biomass-derived material studies.