Next-generation wireless communication systems will have to deal with an unprecedented number of communicating users and devices while enabling orders-of-magnitude of performance improvement in speed and connectivity. With the increasingly complex network structure and the high spectral efficiency requirements, it becomes extremely inefficient to rely on traditional channel coding paradigms that do not take into account the structure of the network and its inherent properties. Unlike conventional channel coding schemes that are designed under the assumption of a single sender and a single receiver communicating over a memoryless channel, this dissertation investigates low-complexity channel coding techniques that take advantage of the numbe...