International audienceThis article aims to define the characteristics of the cultural memory of the Roman wars in the Hispanic communities of the imperial period through a corpus of epigraphic, iconographic and literary testimonies. We show that the conquest brought about a radical upheaval in the forms and stakes of the remembrance of the wars of conquest of the last two centuries of the Republic. The corpus studied shows that three main strategies were developed: the elaboration of a counter-memory, oblivion, and the deliberate appropriation of the hegemonic discourse of Rome. It is through a dialogue, in the interaction between local issues and the hegemonic discourse of Rome, that Hispanic communities were able to reinvent their identit...