Description and results of simulation 3.

A: Illustration of the L1 (blue) and (red) distances between two distributions. The green dotted line represents the optimal classification bound (i.e., the value with equal likelihood to belong to either distribution). The proposed invariance coefficient represents the proportion of overlap between the two distributions (red area over the sum of red and blue areas). B: Correlation between the continuous level of change implemented in the encoding model and . C-D: Construct validity of the two versions of (i.e., their correlation with the true value ): one version computed by decoding stimulus values (panel C) and another by decoding level of context (panel D).