Energetics of eddy–mean flow interactions in the deep western boundary current off the northeastern coast of Brazil

Highlights: • First eddy–mean flow interaction analysis in the Deep Western Boundary Current between 5°S and 16°S. • Eddy kinetic energy is mainly generated via barotropic instability. • Enhanced upstream mean flow induces intensification in the downstream eddy field. Abstract: Thirty-six years output of a 1/10° eddy-resolving Ocean General Circulation Model are used to analyze the energetics of eddy–mean flow interactions in the Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) region of the tropical South Atlantic between 5°S and 16°S. The DWBC flow has a coherent structure between 5°S and 8°S but breaks up into a train of eddies downstream of a region of strong bathymetric curvature at 8°S. In the train of eddies area, the seasonal cycle of eddy kinetic energy (EKE) exhibits poleward phase propagation from May to September. The connection between the seasonal cycle of mean kinetic energy and EKE indicates an intensification of the downstream eddy field associated with enhanced upstream mean flow. The magnitudes of the baroclinic conversion and vertical eddy density flux terms are small in the DWBC core layer depth but somewhat elevated 500 m above and below the core. Eddy processes, including eddy generation and propagation, are accompanied by high EKE and large barotropic conversion. While in the global ocean baroclinic conversion is thought to dominate the energy transfer to EKE, our results suggest that barotropic energy conversion is the primary source of EKE and modulates its variability in the DWBC region of the deeper ocean