A Survey on Vehicular Task Offloading: Classification, Issues, and Challenges

Emerging vehicular applications with strict latency and reliability requirements pose high computing requirements, and current vehicles’ computational resources are not adequate to meet these demands. In this scenario, vehicles can get help to process tasks from other resource-rich computing platforms, including nearby vehicles, fixed edge servers, and remote cloud servers. Nonetheless, different vehicular communication network (VCN) modes need to be utilized to access these computing resources, improving applications and networks’ performance and quality of service (QoS). In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey on the vehicular task offloading techniques under a communication perspective, i.e., vehicle to vehicle (V2V), vehicle to roadside infrastructure (V2I), and vehicle to everything (V2X). For the task/computation offloading, we present the classification of methods under the V2V, V2I, and V2X communication domains. Besides, the task/computation offloading categories are each sub-categorized according to their schemes’ objectives. Furthermore, the literature on vehicular task offloading is elaborated, compared, and analyzed from the perspectives of approaches, objectives, merits, demerits, etc. Finally, we highlight the open research challenges in this field and predict future research trends