Analysis of operation and sizing of photovoltaic systems and battery storage systems for households and energy communities

Sve veća potreba za električnom energijom posljedično utječe na sve veće emisije stakleničkih plinova u atmosferu. Nedvojbeno je da se događaju klimatske promjene koje će, ako se ne zaustave, bitno unazadit kvalitetu života budućih generacija. Upravo iz navedenih razloga Europska Unija teži ka ostvarivanju energetskih i klimatskih ciljeva kako bi se što prije ostvarila ugljična neutralnost. Jedan od načina koji je prepoznat u borbi protiv klimatskih promjena i postizanju klimatske neutralnosti su upravo fotonaponski sustavi. U teoretskom dijelu ovog rada detaljno je razrađena tehnologija i princip funkcioniranja fotonaponskog sustava kao i uparivanje istog sa spremnicima energije. Sukladno tome opisane su tehnologije i osnovne veličine baterijskih spremnika koji se koriste u kombinaciji s fotonaponskim sustavima. Nadalje opisan je model samoopskrbe kao jedan od najizraženijih modela, te je pokriven pojam energetske zajednice odnosno zajednice obnovljive energije. U praktičnom dijelu obrađeno je dimenzioniranje fotonaponskih sustava za potrebe kućanskih objekta, dimenzioniranje sustava za potrebe energetske zajednice i dimenzioniranje sustava uz pripomoć baterijskog spremnika. Provedena je financijska analiza za svaki od scenarija, te se provela detaljan usporedba isplativosti.The growing needs for electricity is consequently affecting on emission of greenhouse gases into atmosphere. There is no doubt that climate change is happening which, if not stopped, will significantly set back the quality of life of future generations. European Union is striving to achieve energy and climate goals in order to achieve carbon neutrality as soon as possible. One way that has been recognized in the fight against climate change are photovoltaic systems. In the theoretical part of this work, the technology and the principle of functioning of the photovoltaic system as well as its paring with battery banks are elaborated in detail. Accordingly, the technologies and basic physical values of battery banks used in combination with photovoltaic systems are described. Furthermore, the model of self-sufficiency is described as on of the most pronounced models, and model of energy community is covered as well. In practical part, the sizing of photovoltaic systems for the needs of household buildings, sizing of the system for the needs of the energy community and sizing of the system with the help of a battery bank are discussed. A financial analysis was conducted for each of the scenarios and a detailed cost-effectiveness comparison was made