Policy Governance in Response to COVID-19 Pandemic: Types of Policy Tools and Governance Processes

Based on policy design and process approaches, the article identifies and describes the organizational, authoritative, financial and information-based policy tools that are or could be used to make the decisions needed to halt the spread of COVID-19 virus and reduce the negative consequences of the restrictions to economy and population. There are five main processes for managing the COVID-19 pandemic – identification of infected persons, control of routes of infection, treatment of the sick, support for businesses and populations affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, and support for public service systems. These processes are modeled as the Plan-Do -Check-Act (PDCA) cycle. The model provides criteria for evaluating policy formulation and implementation processes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic