Variografinė (poligrafinė) ekspertizė kaip tiriamo asmens žinojimo apie nusikaltimo realijas nustatymo metodas

The article contains a historic outline of instrumental methods for examinations of emotional symptoms of human and proposals of using them for business, national special services and law enforcement services. Various concepts of using the examinations in criminal investigations are described and estimated in scope of doctrine of law procedure and law court’s sentences in Poland. On this background the method of determination the psycho-physiological symptoms indicating knowledge on modus operandi carried out by the examined person who negated it is described. This kind of method is implemented for routine work of Polish police. The used instrument called Polygraph in the USA) in Poland has other name -„wariograf” (from Latin: varius - various, and greek: grapho- write for not associate name of the instrument (and examination) with the other branch of forensic science which deals „Polygraphie expertise”. The last one concerns identification of printing instruments and examination of authencity of printed documents. There is no place for lie-detection and test with „critical questions” and „control questions”(Reid, Backster) in the method implemented in Poland. Expert does not come in competence of investigating organ and for that the method does not arouse a dislike of specialists in law procedure. This method and conditions of its practical realisation in the early stage of investigation {in rem phase) are widely described. In the recent period several operators are educated in several-weekly courses in the Higher Police School in Szczytno. Three „wariograf” are bought. The students in the Higher Police School have the lectures concerning the methods of use the „wariograf” for indicating knowledge on modus operandi They also realise practical exercises in planning and preparation of tests and how they can employ the results of this kind of expertise in their work