Soil protection with sustainable production systems

Trajnostno kmetijstvo je pristop, ki zajema tri vidike trajnostnega razvoja: okoljskega, družbenega in gospodarskega. Osredotočeno je na fizično obdelavo prsti, pri čemer je usmerjeno k zmanjšanju obdelave tal in ohranjanju njene rodovitnosti. Namen magistrskega dela je razumeti pomembnost kmetovanja s trajnostnimi kmetijskimi sistemi ter njihov vpliv na varovanje in ohranjanje prsti. Cilj magistrskega dela je raziskati trajnostne prakse upravljanja s prstjo slovenskih in čeških trajnostno usmerjenih kmetij. V ta namen smo oblikovali anketni vprašalnik, s katerim smo pridobili podatke o tem, kako pri obdelovanju prsti posamezne trajnostne kmetije spremljajo in skrbijo za kakovost obdelovalne prsti. Z vprašalnikom smo pridobili odgovore sedmih slovenskih in treh čeških kmetij, katere se prioritetno ukvarjajo s pridelavo vrtnin in poljščin. Kmetije so različno trajnostno usmerjene. Največ je bilo ekoloških kmetij, dve permakulturni ter po ena biodinamična in brez gensko spremenjenih organizmov (GSO). V raziskavi smo ugotovili, da vsa kmetijska gospodarstva uporabljajo več trajnostnih kmetijskih strategij za zaščito prsti hkrati, med katerimi so najpogosteje uporabljene pokrivne rastline. Vse kmetije, zajete v raziskavo, so tudi mnenja, da ukrepi za zaščito prsti uspešno branijo pred degradacijskimi procesi, med katerimi so kot najuspešnejšega označili pokrivne posevke. Čeprav kakovosti prsti ne spremljajo natančneje, so vse kmetije ocenile, da se je rodovitnost njihovih obdelovalnih površin po prehodu v trajnostno kmetovanje izboljšalo. Za kakovost prsti med drugimi ukrepi skrbijo tudi z zagotavljanjem zadostne količine organske snovi v tleh, katero najpogosteje vračajo preko žetvenih ostankov in z živinskim gnojenjem.Sustainable agriculture is an approach that encompasses three aspects of sustainable development: environmental, social and economic. It focuses on the physical cultivation of the soil, aiming to reduce tillage and maintain its fertility. The purpose of the master\u27s thesis is to understand the importance of farming with sustainable agricultural systems and their impact on soil protection. The aim of the master\u27s thesis is to investigate sustainable soil management practices on Slovenian and Czech sustainable farms. For this purpose, we compiled a questionnaire, with which we obtained data on how individual sustainable farms monitor and take care of the quality of the cultivated soil. With the questionnaire, we obtained answers from seven Slovenian and three Czech farms, which primarily deal with the cultivation of garden and field crops. Farms have different sustainability orientations. The majority were organic farms, two permacultures and one each biodynamic and without genetically modified organisms (GMOs). In the research, we found that all agricultural holdings use several sustainable agricultural strategies for soil protection at the same time, among which cover crops are the most frequently used. All farms included in the questionnaire are of the opinion that soil protection measures successfully protect against degradation processes, of which cover crops were identified as the most successful. Although soil quality is not closely monitored, all farms estimated that the fertility of their cultivated areas improved after the transition to sustainable farming. Among other things, soil quality is ensured by maintaining a sufficient amount of organic matter in the soil, which is most often returned through harvest residues and animal manure