Local region 2: Calibration of stalk cell growth rate.

Panels (A)—(C) show the centerlines calculated from the model best fit in red, the data in green, and the overlap in yellow of day 3 (used to inform the initial conditions), Day 5, and day 7 (both used to calibrate the stalk cell growth rate). The agent-based model is shown in Panels (D)-(F) with tip cells in green, stalk cells in cyan, endothelial cells in red, tumor cells releasing VEGF in orange, and tumor cells not releasing VEGF in blue. In Panel (G), we show the calibrated PDF and the Gaussian fit of the stalk cell growth rate. The mean of the local stalk cell divide time (∼80 hours) is significantly higher than the global stalk cell divide time calibrated at ∼4 hours. This highlights the effect of the hypoxic tumor cells in the top right portion of the domain, as a higher calibrated stalk cell divide time would cause growth toward this region of space, while the data continues toward the bottom right of the domain. (TIF)