Local region 2: Prediction of local vascular structure.

Each column depicts the data (green) and model prediction (red), with overlap in yellow, of days 5, 7, and 9, respectively. Each row shows the voxels predicted by the centerlines using different thresholds, with the voxels in the 99% prediction (top row), 95% prediction (middle row), and 90% prediction (bottom row) of the simulations. In Panel (C), the direction of vessel growth in the model shows the VEGF gradient going away from the direction of data and toward the hypoxic cells shown in Fig 9F. This leads to the overall directionality of the vessel to be misaligned with the data. Panels (J) and (K) shows the prediction of average centerline value from model to data and from data to model with an averaged normalized length difference of less than 2% and 12%, respectively. The average centerline distance is normalized by the length of the longest sprout in this region at day 3. (TIF)