On the connectons between the CDIO framework and challenge-based learning

Challenge-based learning (CBL) is a learning approach that has received increased attention during the last years. In some of the publications about CBL the connections to the CDIO (conceive-design-implement-operate) framework is discussed, and the purpose of this paper is to discuss these connections further. CBL has connections to both Problem-based learning (PBL) and Project-based learning (PjBL), but while these are learning approaches, the CDIO framework has a program perspective, including aspects of learning approaches, and hence a wider scope. The connections and differences between CBL and CDIO are discussed based on the components of the CDIO Standards.