Tepelný ostrov města - analýza stavu a možnosti zlepšení

Increasing surface temperature in urban environments along with the creation of heat islands is one of the most visible phenomena of a worsening climate in general. This phenomenon is inherently linked to the increasing rate of urbanisation and urban development. Heat islands in cities are formed by an accumulation of high surface temperatures and differ significantly from areas in their rural surroundings. The surface temperature depends on several factors. These include, including but not limited to, colour, permeability or material of the surface, as well as the presence of vegetation in the given area or the layout of the streets. Anthropogenic activity caused by fossil fuel combustion or transport also has a significant impact on the temperature in urban environments. One of the most efficient tools to reduce the rise in temperatures is in particular high-quality vegetation and water retention in urban environments and the landscape in general. The area of interest of this work, which deals with the topic described above, is Kardašova Řečice with twelve determined locations. Using satellite data analysis, problematic areas in terms of surface temperature and several smaller heat islands were identified. The results of the spectral vegetation indices analysis showed a mutual correlation between the surface temperature and the presence of vegetation, which was analysed by NDVI and NDMI spectral vegetation indices data. The highest temperatures and the lowest surface humidity were found in areas with the least vegetation (greenery). The situation was the opposite in areas with sufficient vegetation cover and water for evapotranspiration. Since vegetation has been proved to have a significant positive impact on reducing the surface temperature in urban environments, a strategy was suggested to improve the urban living conditions by implementing a suitably selected green and green-blue infrastructure