Upper-ocean microstructure data from the tropical Angolan upwelling system

The tropical Angolan upwelling system is a highly productive ecosystem with a distinct seasonal cycle in surface temperature and primary production. The lowest sea surface temperature, strongest cross-shore temperature gradient, and maximum productivity occur in austral winter when seasonally prevailing upwelling favorable winds are weakest. A multi cruise dataset of microstructure profiles collected between 2013 and 2022 in the tropical Angolan upwelling system was used to analyze the importance of mixing for cooling of the mixed layer. The data were collected during six cruises on board of the R/V Meteor. The results show that cooling due to turbulent heat fluxes at the base of the mixed layer is an important cooling term. This turbulent cooling, that is strongest in shallow shelf regions, is capable of explaining the observed negative cross-shore temperature gradient