International audienceBetween 1880 and 1980, France saw the arrival of several waves of Spanish migrants. This essentially border and agricultural immigration, prior to the First World War, diversified geographically and became part of the industry from 1915 and throughout the interwar period. After the massive arrival of anti-Franco exiles in 1939, from 1956, a new, immense wave of workers swept over French territory, and was marked by the Franco regime’s attempts to control it. At all these times, the “Spaniards of France” oscillated between community life, which was favored in regions with a strong Spanish presence, and integration into French society, in particular through trade union and political commitment.Entre 1880 et 1980, la Fran...