Modèle de simulation pour la mobilité longue distance des véhicules tout-électriques : une analyse multi-perspective

International audienceBattery electric vehicles (BEVs) are considered a potential solution to tackle the main environmental issues of road transport. However, their deployment is limited, notably for long-distance trips where BEVs suffer from short ranges, slow charges, and lack of infrastructure. Considering these technological, sociological, and environmental stakes of BEV deployment, this paper aims to highlight the interests of multi-perspective analysis for electromobility. It introduces a methodology to analyse and compare performances of both conventional vehicles and BEVs, considering diverse possible usages. Fleet simulations on the highway linking Paris to Lyon (France) were conducted to provide recommendations for designers and insights for electromobility stakeholders such as drivers, carmakers, or infrastructure planners. Performance criteria such as average travel time, the number of charging points to install, and environmental impacts have been used to compare vehicles and evaluate the influence of users' behaviours and electricity mix. This study quantifies the travel time differences between conventional vehicles, average BEVs, and high-end BEVs and the effect of the driving speed choice and battery management on the performance criteria. Finally, electricity consumption is identified as a significant source of the BEV highway traffic environmental impacts, although they depend on the regional electricity mix; the battery life cycle is also an important source of impacts