Abstract: The development of sodium-cooled fast reactors requires a better understanding of the effects of long-term corrosion in order to guarantee the 60-year life of the structural material (316L(N) steel). The literature shows that almost all corrosion occurs during the steady state, controlled by surface dissolution of iron, which is established after the first months of operation. Our study therefore focuses on the mechanisms involving dissolved oxygen in the accelerated dissolution of iron in liquid sodium. Thermodynamic analysis shows that the effect of dissolved oxygen cannot be explained by the formation of solid oxides. Scanning electron microscopy analysis confirms the thermodynamic study and highlights a homogeneous dissolution...