Organic alternatives to copper in the control of marine biofouling
- Perez, Miriam Cristina
- Stupak, Mirta Elena
- Blustein, Guillermo
- Garcia, Monica Teresita
- Martensson Lindblad, L.
DOIAbstract
Since the ban of tributyltin, the use of large amounts of copper in antifouling formulations has been the main reason for a low occurrence of animal fouling on ship hulls and, consequently, important fuel savings (Schultz, 2007). However, doubts about its environmental profile (see Chapter 19) have encouraged considerable efforts aimed at identifying antifouling alternatives to copper. This chapter includes information about three of the new antifouling candidates that are being identified worldwide. First, the use of sodium benzoate and ferric benzoate, which have demonstrated antifouling effects both in aqueous solutions and as part of soluble matrix paints, is presented. Secondly, medetomidine, a non-toxic pharmacological substance showi...
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